creative-biolabs

What is an antibody? Antibody is a kind of immunoglobulin formed by the body under the stimulation of antigen, which can specifically bind to the antigen, participates in neutralizing toxins, sterilizing and lysing. Antibody production  refers to a process in which an organism produces an immunoglobulin that is specifically reacted with a corresponding antigen by a plasma cell differentiated by B cells under the stimulation of an antigenic substance. Since electrophoresis was first used to demonstrate that the antibody activity in serum is in the gamma globulin portion, the antibodies have been collectively referred to as two (gamma) globulins. It was later proved that the antibodies were not all in the γ region; and the globulins located in the γ region did not necessarily have antibody activity. In 1964, the World Health Organization held a special meeting to refer to antibody-related globulins as immunoglobulins (Ig). Such as myeloma protein, macroglobulinemia, cryoglobul...

Because of its significant survival benefit, tumor immunotherapy has become a new effective treatment option for cancer followed by surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy. As one of the methods for tumors, immunological checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of a variety of advanced tumors. Although some cancer  patients can benefit from it, the immune-related adverse reactions, primary drug resistance and secondary drug resistance during the clinical use of the inhibitor limit its wide clinical application. Biomarker studies related to the efficacy of immunological checkpoint inhibitors are helpful for the screening and individualized treatment of patients, and are of great significance for the regulation of immunosuppressive monotherapy or combination therapy. With the deepening of basic research on tumor immunity, researchers found that the immune system can not only identify and eliminate tumor cells, but also help tumors escape immune a...

Although the mortality rate of heart disease has dropped significantly, the incidence of cancer has not changed much within 30 years. New developments in the field of genetic testing may change this situation. One of the new ways to fight cancer is whole genome sequencing  (WGS). Just a few years ago, sequencing the entire genome of an individual was way too costly. This means spelling out all the 3.1 billion base pairs in a person's DNA. And a more typical study involves finding a few specific genetic markers. Since the cost of WGS has been reduced and results can be obtainable in two weeks, it is possible to deploy WGS in early cancer screening research and treatment. The key to doing research with WGS is to understand the vast amounts of data obtained from these analyses. An example of a study that has initiated using WGS is melanoma, which will be studied at Memorial Sloan Kettering, UCSF, Vanderbilt and other institutions. The Melanoma Research Consortium (MRA), the lea...

In recent years, stem cells have developed rapidly as an emerging medical technology. Their interventions on various diseases have been remarkable. "What is stem cell? What diseases can it treat?" are often questioned. In general, stem cells are “seeds of life”, multi-functional cells that can self-renew and regenerate. Under certain conditions, stem cells can differentiate into multiple functional cells, and have the ability to repair various tissue functions and regenerate organs. They are called "universal cells" by the medical community. Many people have limited understanding on what diseases stem cells can treat. In fact, stem cells are very widely used for clinical applications. Through a variety of stem cell therapy  cases, this article brings you to understand how are stem cell therapy related to the following nine diseases: 1. Improve and prevent diabetes The principle of stem cell treatment of diabetes is mainly to separate, purify and expand ...

Cutaneous tumor, also known as skin cancer, is a cancer caused by the skin. Cutaneous tumor is the most common form of cancer, accounting for at least 40% of the cases around the world.   There are four main types of cutaneous skin cancer s : melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). 1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma  is more likely to be aggressive. It usually presents as a hard lump with a scaly top but may also form ulcers.   It can be transformed from keratosis, leukoplakia and other precancerous conditions. It grows faster and forms ulcers in the early stages. Some are nodular, milky or cauliflower-like, with less invasion to the deep, and the base can move; some are butterfly-like, infiltrating deep into the body, and are more destructive, often involving the bones. Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with a sticky pus with malodor and pain. Squamous cell carcinoma has a higher degr...

Cancer antigens generally refer to antigenic substances that are newly or overexpressed during tumorigenesis and development. The possible mechanisms by which the body produces cancer antigens  are: 1 gene mutation; 2 cells that are not expressed in the cell carcinogenesis are activated; 3 abnormalities occur in a certain writing process of the antigen synthesis process (such as abnormal glycosylation results in the production of specific carrier protein  degradation products) Abnormal, ectopic expression of 4 embryonic antigens or differentiation antigens; 5 overexpression of certain gene products, especially signal transduction molecules; 6 expression of exogenous genes (such as viral genes). Tumor-targeted clinical treatment for tumor-specific cancer antigens is a therapeutic approach with broad application prospects. Obtaining immune cells capable of highly recognizing cancer antigens, using genetic engineering methods and TCR-T and CAR-T are the most commonly used met...