A brief talk on the cancer antigen 19 9

Cancer antigens generally refer to antigenic substances that are newly or overexpressed during tumorigenesis and development. The possible mechanisms by which the body produces cancer antigens are: 1 gene mutation; 2 cells that are not expressed in the cell carcinogenesis are activated; 3 abnormalities occur in a certain writing process of the antigen synthesis process (such as abnormal glycosylation results in the production of specific carrier protein degradation products) Abnormal, ectopic expression of 4 embryonic antigens or differentiation antigens; 5 overexpression of certain gene products, especially signal transduction molecules; 6 expression of exogenous genes (such as viral genes).

Tumor-targeted clinical treatment for tumor-specific cancer antigens is a therapeutic approach with broad application prospects. Obtaining immune cells capable of highly recognizing cancer antigens, using genetic engineering methods and TCR-T and CAR-T are the most commonly used methods for tumor immunotargeting, and have achieved good therapeutic effects in clinical applications. with broadly application foreground. The CAR-T-targeted immunotherapy targets the antigen B cell epitope to engineer its own T cells, while the TCR-T-targeted immunotherapy targets the T cell epitope of the antigen to engineer its own T cells. Screening for cancer antigens and accurate prediction of cancer antigen B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes are important in the development of TCR-T or CAR-T immunotargeting therapy. Previous studies have used synthetic overlapping peptides to screen tumor epitope antigens, and batch screening by activating lymphocyte experiments. However, this process is often expensive, and because synthetic short peptides cannot be used in modern hospitals in 2019. February 19, Volume 2, Issue 2, Modern Hospitals Feb 2019 Vol 19 No 2 243 Simulates the true spatial structure of proteins, unable to identify spatial epitopes of proteins. With the development of bioinformatics, immunology and structural biology, and the interdisciplinary integration, the application of bioinformatics has been able to accurately simulate the spatial structure of proteins and the linear epitopes and conformations in proteins. The epitope is more accurately predicted. Using bioinformatics prediction methods, Hu Yuanyuan successfully predicted and confirmed the HLA-A2 restricted CTL epitope of hMAM-A on breast cancer cells.

There are many methods for predicting tumor cell HLA-restricted T cell epitopes. Previous prediction methods are mainly based on the ability to bind to the slip 9 peptide, and the proteasome on protein cleavage, transfer protein transport efficiency of short peptides generated by cleavage, etc. Less consideration. Studies have shown that proteasome cleavage sites, short peptide transport, etc. are closely related to the formation of T cell epitopes. The NetCTL prediction method design in this study comprehensively applied methods such as support vector machines, matrices and neural networks to integrate closely related proteasome cleavage, short peptide transport efficiency and MHC binding force during T cell epitope formation. Scores and judgments can greatly improve the accuracy and specificity of epitope prediction. In the present study, we identified potential CTL epitopes in SCCAg proteins for selected 12 different MHC class I molecules. Since this study only used software calculations to analyze CTL epitopes of cancer antigen SCCAg. And prediction, epitope prediction results need to be further verified and confirmed by in vitro and in vivo lymphocyte activation experiments, etc. We will then synthesize the corresponding short peptides for different HLA class I molecules based on the predicted epitopes. The predicted epitopes are identified and screened by killing experiments and the like.

Cancer antigen SCCAg was originally isolated from cervical cancer vaccine and is closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of various malignant tumors such as lung cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer and esophageal cancer. SCCAg is a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, which mainly inhibits cysteine ​​proteases, serine proteases, etc., and resists apoptosis. The current specific mechanism for SCCAg to promote tumor formation is not well understood. Studies have shown that serine protease inhibitors have a certain relationship with cell adhesion. SCCAg protein and chimeric vaccine may play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis through corresponding mechanisms. In summary, SCCAg has been shown to be a marker antigen for a variety of cancers and plays an important role in the malignant progression of tumors. Therefore, the cancer antigen SCCAg protein can be used as a target for tumor targeted therapy.