creative-biolabs

1. Introduction T cell-mediated antigen recognition depends on the interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with the antigen major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. TCR is a highly diverse heterodimer composed of the alpha and beta chains (αβ TCR) expressed by most T cells, or from T cells (1-5%) in peripheral blood or T-cell expressed γδ chain (γδ TCR) in mucosal sites. Similar to immunoglobulins expressed by B cells, membrane-bound immunoglobulins are commonly referred to as B cell receptors (BCRs), which consist of variable and constant regions recognized by the antigen. The variable regions of the TCR alpha and delta chains are encoded by a plurality of variable (V) and ligation (J) genes, while the TCR beta and gamma chains are encoded by a diversity (D) gene. During VDJ recombination, one random allele of each gene fragment is recombined with other gene segments to form a functional variable region. A functional TCR strand transcript is produced by recombining t

Tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress in recent years. It has improved the treatment of various tumors, but its application is limited by bottlenecks such as insufficient effective population. In order to make immunotherapy more potential, the academic community has been working hard to find a powerful helper, and oncolytic virus is the most eye-catching. Here is an article review explains the application prospects of oncolytic viruses in immunotherapy. (Nat Rev Cancer. 2018 Jul; 18(7): 419-432. doi: 10.1038/s41568-018-0009-4) Oncolytic virus and common targeting mechanism Oncolytic viruses  are a class of viruses that can effectively infect and destroy tumor cells. Based on the characteristics of virus, oncolytic virus therapy can be used both systemically and locally, for primary lesions and metastases. When the tumor cells rupture and die under the infection of the virus, the newly generated virus particles are released, further infecting the surrounding tumor c

Methotrexate: Methotrexate is an anti-folate antitumor drug, which inhibits the growth and reproduction of tumor cells by inhibiting the synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase. Main uses: Methotrexate can be used as f olic acid antagonist, effective inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, immunosuppressive agent, and tissue culture reagent. This product is a good anti-tumor drug for the treatment of acute lymphatic leukemia, lymphoma, malignant mole, choriocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer and osteosarcoma. After oral administration of methotrexate for 12 hours, 90% of the original drug was excreted from the urine , and t he main metabolite was 7-hydroxy methotrexate. Introduction to the treatment of methotrexate :   Chemotherapy is one of the important means of treating malignant tumors. Since the 1960s, high-dose methotrexate treatment  methods have been used in clinical practice, and some conventional chemotherapy  of malignant tu